These guidelines and the OECD’s subsequent work have inspired many international, regional, and national regulations on privacy and data protection. This regulation has also entered a reform process in order to cope with the new developments and to ensure an effective privacy protection in the current technological environment.Īnother key international – non-binding – document on privacy and data protection is the OECD Guidelines on Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data from 1980.
The EU Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46/EC) has also formed an important legislative framework for the processing of personal data in the EU and has had a vast impact on the development of national legislation not only in Europe but also globally. Since the Convention is technology neutral, it has withstood the test of time.
Although it was adopted by a regional organisation (CoE), it is open for accession by non-European states. At a regional level, the main instruments on privacy and data protection in Europe is the Council of Europe (CoE) Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data of 1981. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is the main global legal instrument for the protection of privacy. The July 2015 appointment of the first UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy in the Digital Age reflects the rising importance of privacy in global digital policy, and the recognition of the need to address privacy rights issues the the global, as well as national levels.įrameworks for safeguarding the right to privacy and data protection It is recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and in many other international and regional human rights conventions. Privacy is usually defined as the right of any citizen to control their own personal information and to decide about it (to disclose information or not). Data protection is a legal mechanism that ensures privacy. Privacy and data protection are two interrelated Internet governance issues.
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